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A triple century by Hashim Amla and four strikes by South Africa's bowlers had England reeling on the fourth day of the first Test match at the Oval.
Amla became South Africa's first-ever tripple centurion as he made 311 not out in the Proteas 637 for two declared; a first innings lead of 252.
England were 102 for four at the close, needing another 150 runs on Monday's final day to avoid an innings defeat.
Amla and Jacques Kallis (182 not out) put on an unbeaten 377 for the third wicket, a record for any wicket in matches between England and South Africa.
Amla had earlier put on 259 for the second wicket with his captain Graeme Smith who made 131 in his 100th test match.