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Researchers from Rhodes and Nelson Mandela Universities have developed a guide that aims to assist nurses in the early diagnosis of Autism.
The study was co-authored by Rhodes researcher, Dr Nicola Wannenburg of the Department of Psychology, in collaboration with Professor Roelf van Niekerk of Nelson Mandela University.
According to a statement on Monday, the study identifies nurses as the target of its findings because of the instrumental role they play in the frontline of the healthcare sector in various African countries.
“Nurses are often the first professionals whose advice is sought about worrisome symptoms, either by high-functioning individuals with autism or by a worried parent of a newborn or toddler,” the statement said.
It said that nurses, being able to recognize symptoms of ASD, would lead to more diagnoses as well as an increase in the possibility of intervention and assistance for families.
The researchers also observed how the urgency and focus required by many infectious diseases in Africa have led to ASD not receiving enough attention even at the level of the healthcare curriculum.
“In the hands of nurses, the findings or symptoms detailed in a guide in the study have the potential to bring relief to many.”
The study classifies symptoms to be used for diagnosis according to five developmental stages, being from birth to 18 months, 18 months to 3 years, age 4 to 5, 6 to 12 years, and adolescence.
“In the first stage of development, the study finds that children with ASD may display a lack of emotional responsiveness and awareness of possible danger or crisis.
“Symptoms of ASD such as not making eye contact, not interacting with caregivers in any way, or not wanting to be held/touched may be present before the infant is 12 months,” according to the study.
The study, titled “Increasing Health Professionals’ Ability to Recognise, Diagnose, and Intervene in Autism Spectrum Disorder Cases in Africa: Examples from Specific Developmental Stages – A Longitudinal Case Study” – is published in the Student’s Journal of Health Research.
