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The Democratic Alliance says it is tabling an urgent parliamentary motion to force President Jacob Zuma to withdraw all South African troops from the Central African Republic.
Thirteen South African soldiers were killed in a protracted battle with CAR soldiers last week.
DA leader Helen Zille said president Zuma appeared to have kept Parliament and the nation in the dark about the nature of the deployment.
Government maintains that the presence of 400 troops in the CAR was covered by a bilateral defence accord with President Francois Bozize dating back to 2007.