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Under strict new rules enforced on Friday, cyclists using mobile phones while riding in Japan could face up to six months in jail.
Those who breach the revised road traffic law can be punished with a maximum of six months in prison or a fine of up to 100,000 yen ($660).
"Making a call with a smartphone in your hand while cycling, or watching the screen, is now banned and subject to punishment," a National Police Agency leaflet says.
According to the government, some accidents caused by cyclists watching screens have resulted in pedestrian deaths.
Although the total number of traffic accidents is declining in Japan, the proportion involving bicycles is rising.
Unlike many other countries, riding a bicycle on the pavement is allowed in usually law-abiding Japan and a common sight.
Under the new rules, cycling while drunk can land the rider with up to three years in prison or a fine of up to 500,000 yen.
Those who offer alcoholic drinks to cyclists face up to two years in prison or a fine of up to 300,000 yen.
